Appointments Clause

Legal cases concerning the Appointments Clause of the U.S. Constitution

1. Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico v. Aurelius Investment, LLC

2. Jurisdiction: United States (Puerto Rico) (June 1, 2020)
3. Victims<![CDATA[无]]>Defendants<![CDATA[Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico]]>Plaintiffs<![CDATA[Aurelius Investment, LLC]]><![CDATA[Aurelius Opportunities Fund, LLC]]><![CDATA[Lex Claims, LLC]]>Investigators<![CDATA[无]]>Prosecutors<![CDATA[无]]>Defense Attorneys<![CDATA[Theodore B. Olson]]>Plaintiff Attorneys<![CDATA[Martin J. Bienenstock]]><![CDATA[Stephen L. Ratner]]>Judges<![CDATA[Stephen G. Breyer]]><![CDATA[Clarence Thomas]]><![CDATA[Sonia Sotomayor]]>Institutions<![CDATA[Supreme Court of the United States]]><![CDATA[United States Court of Appeals for the First Circuit]]><![CDATA[Financial Oversight and Management Board for Puerto Rico]]><![CDATA[Aurelius Capital Management]]><![CDATA[Congress of the United States]]>
4. Case Tags: Appointments Clause;PROMESA;Territorial Officers;De Facto Officer Doctrine

1. Lucia v. Securities and Exchange Commission

2. Jurisdiction: United States (June 21, 2018)
3. DefendantsSecurities and Exchange CommissionPlaintiffsRaymond J. LuciaDefense AttorneysJeffrey B. WallPlaintiff AttorneysMark A. PerryJudgesElena KaganInstitutionsSecurities and Exchange CommissionSupreme Court of the United States
4. Case Tags: Administrative Law;Appointments Clause;Securities and Exchange Commission;Supreme Court of the United States

1. Dalmazzi v. United States

2. Jurisdiction: United States (June 22, 2018)
3. DefendantsNicole DalmazziJennifer L. CoxMichael J. OrtizPlaintiffsUnited StatesProsecutorsNoel FranciscoDefense AttorneysEugene R. FidellStephen I. VladeckJudgesElena KaganJohn G. Roberts, Jr.InstitutionsSupreme Court of the United StatesUnited States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces
4. Case Tags: Military Law;Constitutional Law;Appointments Clause;Dual Officeholding

1. Ortiz v. United States

2. Jurisdiction: United States (June 22, 2018)
3. DefendantsKeanu D. OrtizProsecutorsZachary D. TrippDefense AttorneysStephen I. VladeckJudgesElena KaganJohn G. Roberts, Jr.InstitutionsSupreme Court of the United StatesUnited States Air ForceUnited States Court of Federal Claims
4. Case Tags: Military Justice System;Appointments Clause;Supreme Court Decisions;Child Pornography Offenses

1. Carr v. Saul

2. Jurisdiction: United States (2021-04-22)
3. Original Case: Willie Earl Carr, et al. v. Andrew M. Saul, Commissioner of Social Security
4. Victims<![CDATA[无]]>Defendants<![CDATA[Andrew M. Saul]]>Plaintiffs<![CDATA[Willie Earl Carr]]><![CDATA[John J. Davis]]><![CDATA[Thomas Hilliard]]><![CDATA[Kimberly L. Iwan]]><![CDATA[Destiny M. Thurman]]>Investigators<![CDATA[无]]>Prosecutors<![CDATA[无]]>Defense Attorneys<![CDATA[无]]>Plaintiff Attorneys<![CDATA[Sarah M. Harris]]><![CDATA[Kannon K. Shanmugam]]><![CDATA[Lisa S. Blatt]]><![CDATA[Charles L. McCloud]]>Judges<![CDATA[Sonia Sotomayor]]><![CDATA[John G. Roberts]]><![CDATA[Samuel Alito]]><![CDATA[Elena Kagan]]><![CDATA[Brett Kavanaugh]]><![CDATA[Clarence Thomas]]><![CDATA[Neil Gorsuch]]><![CDATA[Amy Coney Barrett]]><![CDATA[Stephen Breyer]]>Institutions<![CDATA[Supreme Court of the United States]]><![CDATA[Social Security Administration]]><![CDATA[United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit]]><![CDATA[United States Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit]]>
5. Case Tags: Social Security Disability Benefits;Appointments Clause;<![CDATA[Issue Exhaustion]];<![CDATA[Administrative Law]]

1. United States v. Arthrex, Inc.

2. Jurisdiction: United States (June 21, 2021)
3. Victims<![CDATA[无]]>Defendants<![CDATA[Arthrex, Inc.]]>Plaintiffs<![CDATA[United States]]>Investigators<![CDATA[无]]>Prosecutors<![CDATA[无]]>Defense Attorneys<![CDATA[无]]>Plaintiff Attorneys<![CDATA[无]]>Judges<![CDATA[John Roberts]]><![CDATA[Clarence Thomas]]><![CDATA[Stephen Breyer]]><![CDATA[Samuel Alito]]><![CDATA[Sonia Sotomayor]]><![CDATA[Elena Kagan]]><![CDATA[Neil Gorsuch]]><![CDATA[Brett Kavanaugh]]><![CDATA[Amy Coney Barrett]]>Institutions<![CDATA[Supreme Court of the United States]]><![CDATA[Patent Trial and Appeal Board]]><![CDATA[United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit]]>
4. Case Tags: Constitutional Law;Patent Trial and Appeal Board;Appointments Clause;Administrative Law

1. Smith v. Berryhill

2. Jurisdiction: United States (May 28, 2019)
3. Original Case: Smith v. Berryhill, 587 U.S. ___ (2019)
4. DefendantsNancy A. BerryhillPlaintiffsRicky Lee SmithDefense AttorneysNoel J. FranciscoPlaintiff AttorneysDaniel R. OrtizJudgesJohn G. RobertsClarence ThomasRuth Bader GinsburgStephen G. BreyerSamuel A. AlitoSonia SotomayorElena KaganNeil M. GorsuchBrett M. KavanaughInstitutionsSupreme Court of the United StatesSocial Security Administration
5. Case Tags: Administrative Law;Appointments Clause;Social Security Disability Insurance;Exhaustion of Remedies

1. Kennedy v. Braidwood Management, Inc.

2. Jurisdiction: United States (June 27, 2025)
3. Victims<![CDATA[None]]>Defendants<![CDATA[Robert F. Kennedy Jr.]]>Plaintiffs<![CDATA[Braidwood Management, Inc.]]>Investigators<![CDATA[None]]>Prosecutors<![CDATA[None]]>Defense Attorneys<![CDATA[None]]>Plaintiff Attorneys<![CDATA[Jonathan F. Mitchell]]>Judges<![CDATA[Reed O'Connor]]><![CDATA[John G. Roberts Jr.]]>Institutions<![CDATA[United States Supreme Court]]><![CDATA[United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit]]><![CDATA[United States Department of Health and Human Services]]><![CDATA[United States Preventive Services Task Force]]><![CDATA[Braidwood Management, Inc.]]>
4. Case Tags: Religious Freedom Restoration Act;Affordable Care Act;Appointments Clause;HIV PrEP Coverage